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Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Initial organization and progressive expansion of the math-responsive brain network during the first school years.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol
10:14

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Published on: May 12, 2019

[Cognitive neuro-imaging : phylogenesis and ontogenesis].

Stanislas Dehaene1, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz

  • 1NeuroSpin, CEA-Saclay.

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|February 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The infant brain is organized early, with specialized pathways for object identity and number processing. These innate biases shape how children learn cultural skills like reading and math.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Context:

  • Brain imaging techniques like magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to study infant brain development.
  • Challenges in infant brain imaging include movement artifacts and the need for specialized precautions.
  • Early brain organization in infants involves language lateralization, auditory processing, and visual recognition.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the early organization and functional specialization of the infant brain.
  • To explore how early cerebral biases influence the acquisition of cultural learning, such as reading and arithmetic.

Summary:

  • Infant brains, even at a few months old, demonstrate specialized processing for spoken language, with temporal and frontal regions showing adult-like lateralization.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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  • Evoked potentials reveal distinct ventral (identity) and dorsal (number) processing pathways in infants, mirroring adult visual processing streams.
  • The study suggests that pre-existing neural circuits in infants are adapted and recycled for cultural inventions like reading and symbolic calculation.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding early brain organization provides a framework for how cultural learning is constrained and facilitated.
    • This research highlights the plasticity of the infant brain and its capacity to adapt existing circuits for new, human-specific cognitive functions.