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Related Concept Videos

Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells
08:21

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

[Human trophoblast differentiation].

Danièle Evain-Brion1, Jean Guibourdenche, Vassili Tsatsaris

  • 1Inserm UMR 767 Paris Descartes, Fondation de coopération scientifique PremUP, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris. daniele.evain-brion@parisdescartes.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|February 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New insights into human trophoblast biology reveal the roles of oxygen and retroviral proteins in placental development. This advances understanding of pregnancy disorders and potential treatments.

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Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells
08:21

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos
08:50

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

Published on: June 12, 2020

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Obstetrics and gynecology

Context:

  • The placenta's role in normal and pathological pregnancy remains incompletely understood.
  • Recent advancements have shed light on trophoblast biology.
  • Key factors influencing trophoblast differentiation are emerging.

Purpose:

  • To synthesize recent findings on human trophoblast biology.
  • To elucidate the influence of oxygen and retroviral envelope proteins on trophoblast differentiation.
  • To clarify the developmental trajectory of trophoblast hormonal functions during pregnancy.

Summary:

  • Morphological and functional differentiation of human trophoblast is influenced by oxygen levels and retroviral envelope proteins.
  • Trophoblast hormonal functions evolve from paracrine roles in early pregnancy to endocrine roles in later stages, supporting placentation and uterine quiescence.
  • Understanding these developmental processes offers new perspectives on placental disorders.

Impact:

  • Enhances comprehension of normal and abnormal pregnancy development.
  • Provides a foundation for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for placental disorders.
  • Contributes to the fields of reproductive medicine and developmental biology.