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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Standard Precaution

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

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Ispagula powder: an allergen in the work environment.

K Göransson¹, N G Michaelson

¹Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health

|February 4, 2010

Summary

Ispagula husk dust can cause allergic reactions like rhinitis and asthma in pharmaceutical workers. Implementing dust control measures significantly reduced new cases of this occupational allergy.

Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Allergology
Pharmacology

Background:

Bulk laxatives derived from ispagula powder are generally considered safe for oral administration.
However, occupational exposure to ispagula husks can lead to allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and nature of allergic reactions to ispagula husks in a pharmaceutical factory setting.
To assess the effectiveness of occupational health measures in mitigating these allergies.

Main Methods:

Observational study of pharmaceutical workers involved in packing ispagula husks.
Clinical assessment of allergic symptoms including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma.
Intracutaneous and provocation testing to confirm type 1 allergy.

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Monitoring of new sensitization cases following implementation of dust control measures.

Main Results:

Twenty-seven out of 64 workers developed allergic symptoms attributed to ispagula husk exposure.
Type 1 allergy was confirmed via diagnostic tests.
Post-implementation of dust reduction measures, only one new sensitization case occurred over 24 months.
Five similar cases were noted among nursing staff administering ispagula laxatives.

Conclusions:

Occupational exposure to ispagula husk dust poses a risk of type 1 allergic reactions.
Effective dust control is crucial for preventing occupational allergies in pharmaceutical settings.
Minimizing dust exposure significantly reduces the incidence of ispagula-induced allergies.