Aptamer-controlled biofuel cells in logic systems and used as self-powered and intelligent logic aptasensors

This communication demonstrates for the first time the controlled power release of biofuel cells (BFCs) by aptamer logic systems processed according to the Boolean logic operations "programmed" into the biocomputing systems. On the basis of the built-in Boolean NAND logic, the fabricated aptamer-based BFCs logically controlled by biochemical signals enabled us to construct self-powered and intelligent logic aptasensors that can determine whether the two specific targets are both present in a sample.