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![Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F51444.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Published on: March 20, 2014
Ligand-controlled regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions
Franziska Schoenebeck1, K N Houk
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Computational study reveals regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling. Palladium-HOMO ArO-LUMO interactions govern C-O insertion, while C-Cl insertion depends on lower C-Cl transition state distortion energy.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Computational Chemistry
Background:
- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are vital in organic synthesis.
- Regioselectivity control in these reactions is crucial for targeted synthesis.
- Fu and co-workers previously established a reversal of regioselectivity in specific cross-coupling reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To computationally investigate the mechanism behind the reversal of regioselectivity.
- To elucidate the factors controlling C-O versus C-Cl bond activation in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
Main Methods:
- Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed.
- Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals, specifically Palladium-HOMO and ArylO-LUMO interactions.
- Calculation of transition state (TS) distortion energies for C-Cl and C-O bond insertion.
Main Results:
- C-O bond insertion is dictated by Palladium-HOMO ArO-LUMO interactions.
- C-Cl bond insertion is facilitated by lower C-Cl transition state distortion energy.
- Monoligated palladium species exhibit higher reactivity due to reduced structural distortion.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a detailed computational understanding of regioselectivity control in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling.
- Orbital interactions and transition state energetics are key determinants of reaction outcome.
- Ligand design and catalyst speciation significantly influence reactivity and selectivity.
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