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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Structure01:55

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Bottom-up and Shotgun Proteomics to Identify a Comprehensive Cochlear Proteome
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Proteomics in bone research.

Hengwei Zhang1, Robert Recker, Wai-Nang Paul Lee

  • 1Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center; Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th Street, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA. hengweizhang@creighton.edu

Expert Review of Proteomics
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis, common in the elderly, causes fractures due to imbalanced bone remodeling. Proteomics reveals new bone turnover markers for dynamic assessment and targeted therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition in the elderly, leading to fractures.
  • Bone integrity relies on bone remodeling, a balance between resorption and formation.
  • Current fracture risk assessment relies on bone mineral density (BMD) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which offers a static view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent proteomic findings in bone diseases.
  • To explore mesenchymal stem cell properties and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation.
  • To highlight quantitative proteomics' role in understanding signaling dynamics, identifying biomarkers, and discovering therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent proteomic studies on bone diseases.
  • Analysis of mesenchymal stem cell properties and differentiation pathways.
  • Focus on quantitative proteomics for dynamic signaling and biomarker discovery.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics has identified novel, sensitive bone turnover markers.
  • These markers offer dynamic insights into bone remodeling, unlike static DXA.
  • Quantitative proteomics aids in studying signaling pathways and therapeutic target discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics offers advanced tools for diagnosing and treating bone diseases.
  • New biomarkers discovered through proteomics enable dynamic assessment of bone turnover.
  • This approach facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis and related conditions.