Aetiology of corneal ulcers assume FHV-1 unless proven otherwise

Feline ulcerative keratitis is a common presenting complaint and is frequently a sequela of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection; so much so, in fact, that it is fair to assume an FHV-1 aetiology until proven otherwise. Other potential causes of ulceration are trauma or underlying eyelid abnormalities (entropion, ectropion, agenesis, dermoids, neoplasia), lash abnormalities (ectopic cilia, trichiasis), tear film abnormalities or neurological deficiencies (trigeminal nerve paralysis, facial nerve paralysis).

The management of corneal ulceration in cats is frequently challenging, and treatment needs to be tailored carefully to the individual cat, its temperament, and the disease process present.

The scientific literature on feline ulcerative keratitis is extensive, particularly that related to FHV-1 infection. The aim of this article is to review the aetiology and diagnosis of corneal ulceration in cats with particular reference to the evidence base available.

All age groups and breeds can suffer with ulcerative keratitis. Breed predispositions are present for some forms of corneal ulceration, and these are discussed.