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Tolerance to topical preparations: cold or warm?

A M Mansour1

  • 1Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York.

Annals of Ophthalmology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Cold eye drops may temporarily numb pain receptors, delaying irritation compared to warm drops. Ocular discomfort levels were similar, but the onset of irritation differed significantly based on temperature.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Topical ocular preparations can cause irritation due to factors like viscosity, osmolarity, and pH.
  • Understanding factors influencing ocular discomfort is crucial for patient comfort and compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of topical eye drop temperature on ocular discomfort.
  • To compare the onset and nature of ocular irritation between cold and warm dilating drops.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 40 volunteers without pre-existing ocular conditions.
  • Administration of tropicamide and phenylephrine eye drops at two temperatures: 4°C (cold) and 20°C (warm).
  • Each participant received cold drops in one eye and warm drops in the fellow eye for direct comparison.

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Main Results:

  • Overall ocular discomfort levels were comparable between cold and warm drop groups.
  • Eyes treated with cold drops exhibited a delayed onset of irritation.
  • Eyes treated with warm drops experienced instantaneous irritation.

Conclusions:

  • Cold eye drops may possess a transient anesthetic effect on ocular pain nerve endings.
  • This temporary numbing effect from cold drops fades as they reach body temperature.
  • Temperature is a significant factor influencing the immediate perception of ocular irritation from topical medications.