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Related Concept Videos

Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.Electrons Orbit the NucleusElectrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus...
Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s,...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Force and Potential Energy in One Dimension01:13

Force and Potential Energy in One Dimension

Force can be calculated from the expression for potential energy, which is a function of position. The component of a conservative force, in a particular direction, equals the negative of the derivative of the corresponding potential energy with respect to the displacement in that direction. For regions where potential energy changes rapidly with displacement, the work done and force is maximum. Also, when force is applied along the positive coordinate axis, the potential energy decreases with...

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Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
08:23

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Published on: May 18, 2021

Electrons in one dimension.

K-F Berggren1, M Pepper

  • 1Theory and Modelling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied electron transport in one-dimensional systems using GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures. They observed quantized conductance and many-body effects, transitioning towards a two-dimensional Wigner lattice.

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Mesoscopic Physics

Background:

  • Gallium Arsenide-Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (GaAs-AlGaAs) heterostructures are crucial for studying electron transport phenomena.
  • Controlling electron wave functions electrostatically enables tunable quantum confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of one-dimensional electron transport in low-disorder GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures.
  • To explore the transition from two-dimensional to one-dimensional transport and associated quantum effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing gate electrodes to electrostatically confine electron wave functions.
  • Investigating ballistic transport in short electron channels.
  • Analyzing many-body effects in spin-incoherent regimes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved controllable size quantization and transition to one-dimensional transport.
  • Observed quantized conductance of 2e(2)/h in ballistic transport regimes.
  • Identified many-body effects and the emergence of a two-dimensional Wigner lattice precursor.

Conclusions:

  • One-dimensional electron confinement in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures allows for the study of fundamental quantum phenomena.
  • Many-body interactions significantly influence electron behavior, leading to complex configurations like Wigner lattices.