Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Metabolome-wide association study identifies metabolites associated with human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances.

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology·2026

Same author

An interpretable molecular descriptor for machine learning predictions in atmospheric science.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances and kidney function.

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology·2025

Same author

Risk of venous thromboembolism in relation to high physical activity level in men over 27 year follow up.

Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis·2024

Same author

Technological readiness and implementation of genomic-driven precision medicine for complex diseases.

Journal of internal medicine·2021

Same author

Erratum to "Second Consensus on Treatment of Patients Recently Diagnosed with Mild Hypertension and Low Cardiovascular Risk". [YMCD 45/10 (October 2020) 100653].

Current problems in cardiology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Cognitive function and risk of stroke in elderly men.

B Wiberg¹, L Lind, L Kilander

¹Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. bernice.wiberg@akademiska.se

|February 4, 2010

Summary

Impaired performance on the Trail Making Test B in 70-year-old men predicts future brain infarction. This cognitive decline indicates increased stroke risk, even in early, subclinical stages.

More Related Videos

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neurology
Geriatrics
Epidemiology

Background:

Vascular risk factors are linked to cerebral white matter ischemic changes.
Cognitive function, particularly related to subcortico-frontal pathways, may predict stroke incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the predictive value of cognitive test performance for stroke and TIA incidence.
To investigate the relationship between cognitive screening tests and stroke subtypes.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 930 70-year-old men without prior stroke/TIA was studied.
Cognitive function was assessed using Trail Making Tests (TMT) A and B, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Follow-up was conducted for up to 13 years to record stroke and TIA events.

Main Results:

A 1-SD increase in TMT-B time was associated with a 1.48-fold higher risk of brain infarction.
Men in the highest TMT-B quartile had over threefold the risk of brain infarction compared to the lowest quartile.
TMT-A and MMSE scores did not show consistent associations with stroke outcomes.

Conclusions:

Impaired Trail Making Test B performance in elderly men is an independent predictor of subsequent brain infarction.
Cognitive decline, as indicated by TMT-B, predicts stroke risk in the subclinical phase.
These findings highlight the importance of cognitive assessment in stroke risk prediction.