[The occupational carcinogenic risk at present time in Italy. Continuity and discontinuity with the past: emerging...

Here are recalled the most interesting elements in order to outline a history of cultural representation and application of the criteria to fight and control the effects and, eventually, the risks from carcinogens in the workplace in Italy in a period longer than a century. The roles of the actors of this process, such as social partners and institutions, are illustrated, and consequently the critical aspects of risks management and control at present starting from the description of two different scientific and ideological policies, the <> (TLV null) and the criteria required by current legislation, although in conflict between them but, at least in some cases, able to interact and, in some aspects, completing themselves. The critical points and some contradiction of the system are described and emphasis is placed on the imperative need to promote the risks primary prevention from carcinogens rather than possible other interests on the insurance and welfare fields.