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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
09:19

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

Published on: April 18, 2025

Imaging in clear ocean water.

H T Yura

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Image resolution in ocean water is limited by scattering effects, not camera sensitivity. Improving camera thresholds won't significantly enhance underwater imaging quality due to rapid signal degradation with distance.

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    Published on: June 13, 2025

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    Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
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    Published on: April 18, 2025

    Reefshape: A System for the Efficient Collection and Automated Processing of Time-Series Underwater Photogrammetry Data for Benthic Habitat Monitoring
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    Reefshape: A System for the Efficient Collection and Automated Processing of Time-Series Underwater Photogrammetry Data for Benthic Habitat Monitoring

    Published on: June 13, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Ocean optics
    • Underwater imaging
    • Laser physics

    Background:

    • Ocean water exhibits temperature and salinity inhomogeneities affecting light propagation.
    • Imaging in backscattered light is crucial for underwater visibility.
    • Source coherence influences the imaging properties of backscattered light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform a parametric analysis of imaging in backscattered light in clear ocean water.
    • To derive an expression for the beam pattern of an underwater laser beam.
    • To discuss the effects of source coherence on imaging properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Parametric analysis of imaging in backscattered light.
    • Derivation of beam pattern for a finite underwater laser beam.
    • Analysis of modulation transfer function and spatial frequencies.

    Main Results:

    • Resolution is limited by the modulation transfer function's rapid decrease with spatial frequency.
    • Image modulation below 2% degrades significantly at slightly higher spatial frequencies.
    • Reducing camera threshold does not substantially improve imaging resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • Camera threshold reduction is ineffective for significantly improving underwater image resolution.
    • The modulation transfer function limits achievable image quality in ocean water.
    • Further improvements in camera resolution offer minimal gains in image quality.