Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pelvic recurrences post cystectomy: current treatment strategies.

Seminars in urologic oncology·2001
Same author

Toxin entry: how bacterial proteins get into mammalian cells.

Cellular microbiology·2001
Same author

Combination cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy for locally advanced unresectable or medically unfit bladder cancer cases: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

The Journal of urology·2000
Same author

Expression of nuclear antigen Ki-67 in prostate cancer needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute·2000
Same author

A new concept in cancer care: the supportive care program.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2000
Same author

One stop breast clinics--victims of their own success? A prospective audit of referrals to a specialist breast clinic.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
08:25

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

Turbulence effects on thermal blooming.

F G Gebhardt, D C Smith, R G Buser

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mechanical turbulence, or velocity fluctuations, impacts high power CO(2) laser propagation. Strong turbulence can reduce thermal blooming and increase beam irradiance, but typical atmospheric conditions may limit this benefit.

    More Related Videos

    Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
    08:19

    Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

    Published on: May 9, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
    08:25

    Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

    Published on: April 30, 2018

    Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
    08:19

    Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

    Published on: May 9, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Optics
    • Laser Physics
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • High power continuous wave (cw) CO(2) laser radiation propagation in the atmosphere is affected by thermal blooming and mean wind distortions.
    • Mechanical turbulence, characterized by velocity fluctuations, is a potential factor influencing these distortions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of mechanical turbulence on the propagation of high power cw CO(2) laser radiation.
    • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions based on a diffusion model.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis using a diffusion model.
    • Experimental studies with artificially generated atmospheric turbulence.

    Main Results:

    • Mechanical turbulence can lead to symmetric blooming, replacing asymmetric distortions caused by mean wind.
    • Strong velocity fluctuations ( > 2-3 times mean velocity) can mitigate thermal blooming and enhance beam irradiance.
    • Lower levels of turbulence may slightly decrease beam irradiance.

    Conclusions:

    • While mechanical turbulence can influence laser beam propagation, its potential to reduce wind-dominated thermal distortion effects under typical atmospheric conditions is limited.
    • The study provides insights into the complex interplay between turbulence, wind, and laser beam propagation in the atmosphere.