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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries markers that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects
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Published on: June 22, 2019

Information transfer using thin transparent membranes.

C W Bates, R Morwood

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a method to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) for image transfer through membranes. The information loss depends on phosphor light emission, optical contact, membrane properties, and refractive indices.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Image Transfer

    Background:

    • Thin transparent membranes are crucial for transferring images from phosphors to photosensitive materials.
    • Light scattering and diffusion within membranes cause information loss during image transfer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for calculating the modulation transfer function (MTF) of thin transparent membranes.
    • To analyze the factors influencing information loss during phosphor-to-photomaterial image transfer.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a first-order expression for the angular flux distribution of phosphor-emitted energy.
    • Calculated the MTF by considering light scattering and diffusion through the membrane.

    Main Results:

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    • Information loss is dependent on the phosphor's angular light distribution.
    • Optical contact, membrane thickness, and refractive index ratios significantly affect image transfer fidelity.
    • The model shows good agreement with experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model accurately predicts information loss in membrane-mediated image transfer.
    • Understanding these parameters is key to optimizing image transfer systems for applications like photographic emulsions and photocathodes.