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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
10:33

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

Published on: February 27, 2019

Total-reflection liquid-crystal electrooptic device.

R A Kashnow, C R Stein

    Applied Optics
    |February 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A simple electrooptic effect uses a liquid crystal layer between prisms to control light transmission or reflection. Electric fields alter the liquid crystal

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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    Published on: February 27, 2019

    Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
    06:26

    Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

    Published on: May 15, 2017

    Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
    07:56

    Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

    Published on: September 20, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Electro-optics

    Background:

    • Liquid crystals exhibit unique optical properties influenced by electric fields.
    • Prism-based optical systems are fundamental in light manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a straightforward electrooptic effect using nematic liquid crystals and prisms.
    • To explore the control of light transmission and reflection via electric-field-induced changes in liquid crystal orientation.

    Main Methods:

    • A thin nematic liquid crystal layer was sandwiched between two glass prisms.
    • The refractive indices of the prisms were chosen for optimal interaction with the liquid crystal.
    • Varying angles of incidence and applied electric fields were used to observe optical phenomena.

    Main Results:

    • Partial transmission and total reflection of light were observed at the prism-liquid crystal interface.
    • The observed optical behavior was dependent on the angle of incidence.
    • The electric field effectively controlled the orientation of the liquid crystal's optic axis, modulating light behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • A simple and effective electrooptic switching mechanism was demonstrated.
    • This effect allows for electric-field control over light propagation in a prism-based system.
    • The findings have potential applications in optical devices and light modulation technologies.