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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

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Osteoclast-like cells in soft tissue leiomyosarcomas.

C L M H Gibbons¹, S G Sun, M Vlychou

¹Department of Pathology, Nuffield Dept of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology

|February 4, 2010

Summary

Giant cell-rich leiomyosarcomas contain multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) with an osteoclast-like phenotype. These tumor-associated macrophages differentiate into giant cells via a RANKL-dependent pathway.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Cell Biology

Background:

Giant cell-rich leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth muscle tumor variant.
The origin and function of its numerous multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cellular origin and phenotype of MNGCs in giant cell-rich leiomyosarcoma.
To elucidate the mechanism of MNGC formation in this tumor type.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemical analysis of osteoclast, macrophage, and smooth muscle markers in tumor tissues.
In vitro differentiation studies of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

MNGCs in giant cell-rich leiomyosarcoma exhibited an osteoclast-like phenotype (CD45+, CD68+, TRAP+, CD51+).
TAMs expressed similar markers and differentiated into osteoclast-like cells in vitro.
Leiomyosarcoma cells expressed RANKL, a key factor in osteoclast differentiation.

Conclusions:

The giant cells in giant cell-rich leiomyosarcoma are osteoclast-like cells derived from TAMs.
MNGC formation is mediated by a RANKL-dependent mechanism involving leiomyosarcoma cells.