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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

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Published on: May 5, 2022

Pearls: diplopia.

Deborah I Friedman1

  • 1University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA. Deborah_Friedman@urmc.rochester.edu

Seminars in Neurology
|February 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating double vision (diplopia) requires a systematic history and physical exam. This guide offers a structured approach to diagnosing the causes of diplopia, aiding clinicians in patient assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Double vision (diplopia) is a common visual complaint with diverse etiologies.
  • Causes can stem from ocular, neurologic, or extraocular muscle disorders.
  • Systematic evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic process for interviewing and examining patients with diplopia.
  • To explain the rationale and differential diagnosis for various clinical presentations of diplopia.
  • To offer practical guidance for evaluating patients with diplopia and eye movement abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed history taking tailored to diplopia symptoms.
  • Comprehensive physical examination, including interpretation of findings using the 'upside-down-and-backwards' concept.
  • Categorization of common causes of monocular and binocular diplopia based on patient-reported patterns.

Main Results:

  • A structured approach facilitates the evaluation of complex diplopia cases.
  • Understanding the pattern of diplopia aids in identifying common etiologies.
  • The 'upside-down-and-backwards' concept enhances the interpretation of examination findings.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach to history and physical examination is essential for diagnosing diplopia.
  • This review provides valuable insights ('Pearls') for clinicians managing patients with double vision.
  • Effective evaluation requires addressing challenges from patient mental status to examination nuances.