Cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in kwashiorkor

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) presents a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing nations.
• Severe PEM has been correlated with neurological impairments, specifically affecting the brain.
• While decreasing in Southwest Nigeria, PEM remains a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate neurological alterations in children with severe PEM using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• To document the specific cerebral changes associated with PEM in the studied population.

Main Methods:

• The study involved 5 children with a median age of 16 months in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was employed to evaluate brain structure.
• Clinical data and imaging findings were analyzed.

Main Results:

• All evaluated children exhibited brain changes consistent with cerebral atrophy.
• Two children presented with periventricular white matter changes.
• One of these two children also had a mega cisterna magna.

Conclusions:

• Severe PEM in young children is associated with significant cerebral atrophy and white matter abnormalities.
• The findings suggest potential reversibility of these neurological changes, warranting further investigation with follow-up imaging after nutritional intervention.
• This study highlights the importance of early detection and nutritional support for children affected by PEM to prevent long-term neurological deficits.