Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Medial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex inputs into the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey region differentially regulate pain and anxiety like behavior.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Gating effects of a Cav2.3 calcium channel variant linked to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Emerging Pharmacological Strategies for Trigeminal Neuralgia.

CNS drugs·2026
Same author

Molecular Pharmacology of T-Type Calcium Channels and Their Roles in Neurological Disorders.

Medicinal research reviews·2026
Same author

Adjunctive D-cycloserine to intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation in fibromyalgia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Characterization of Three Distinct Loss-of-Function Cav2.3 Variants.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
10:34

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

Activity-driven mobilization of post-synaptic proteins.

R Carolina Gutiérrez1, Robyn Flynn, Johanna Hung

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|February 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Activity-dependent remodeling of excitatory synapses involves changes in post-synaptic proteins like PSD-95 and neuroligin (NL)1. This study reveals NL1

More Related Videos

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Acyl-PEGyl Exchange Gel Shift Assay for Quantitative Determination of Palmitoylation of Brain Membrane Proteins
08:28

Acyl-PEGyl Exchange Gel Shift Assay for Quantitative Determination of Palmitoylation of Brain Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 29, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
10:34

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Acyl-PEGyl Exchange Gel Shift Assay for Quantitative Determination of Palmitoylation of Brain Membrane Proteins
08:28

Acyl-PEGyl Exchange Gel Shift Assay for Quantitative Determination of Palmitoylation of Brain Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Synaptic modification is crucial for central nervous system development.
  • Activity-dependent processes regulate synapse elimination and formation.
  • Post-synaptic component trafficking is key to synaptic remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate activity-driven remodeling of cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
  • Focus on post-synaptic proteins: PSD-95, Shank, neuroligin (NL)1, and actin.
  • Elucidate the role of neuroligin in activity-dependent synaptic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of cultured rat hippocampal neurons (14 days in vitro).
  • Photoconductive stimulation to induce high-frequency activity.
  • Tracking of fluorescently tagged proteins (PSD-95-GFP, Shank-YFP, NL1, Actin-CFP).

Main Results:

  • High-frequency activity altered PSD-95 and Shank cluster trajectory but not velocity.
  • Activity reduced neuroligin (NL)1 cluster speed and increased their number.
  • Actin reorganized into puncta, with ~50% colocalizing with NL1 clusters.
  • NL1 overexpression enhanced actin reorganization; NL1 mutant decreased it.

Conclusions:

  • Activity-dependent remodeling can lead to the formation of new post-synaptic sites.
  • Neuroligin (NL)1 modulates actin reorganization during synaptic remodeling.
  • Common mechanisms likely underlie developmental and activity-dependent excitatory synapse remodeling.