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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
12:08

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Assembling genomes using short-read sequencing technology.

Shaun D Jackman1, Inanç Birol

  • 1Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British, Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.

Genome Biology
|February 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gigabase-scale genome assemblies are now achievable with short-read sequencing technology. This advancement significantly reduces the cost of large-scale genome projects, making them more accessible.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Amplicon Sequencing using the Long-Read Sequencing Technologies
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Amplicon Sequencing using the Long-Read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 29, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing projects have historically been resource-intensive.
  • Advancements in sequencing technology are crucial for large-scale genomic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the feasibility of gigabase-scale genome assemblies.
  • To report on the cost reduction achieved through short-read sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing short-read sequencing technology for genome assembly.
  • Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of current sequencing platforms.

Main Results:

  • Gigabase-scale genome assemblies are now technically feasible.
  • The cost for such large-scale genome projects has fallen below one million dollars.

Conclusions:

  • Short-read sequencing technology democratizes large-scale genome assembly.
  • Reduced costs will accelerate genomic research and applications.