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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Electroglottogram approximate entropy: a novel single parameter for objective voice assessment.

C M Douglas1, C Moore, K Manickam

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|February 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroglottogram approximate entropy effectively measures voice quality changes in patients with glottic pathology. This parameter distinguishes between normal and abnormal voices and correlates with clinical voice assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Laryngology and Speech Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustic Analysis

Background:

  • Electroglottogram approximate entropy (EaApEn) is a novel acoustic measure for voice quality assessment.
  • EaApEn quantifies the complexity of the electroglottogram waveform using statistical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate EaApEn's ability to differentiate between normal and pathological voices in patients with glottic pathology.
  • To assess EaApEn's sensitivity to voice changes over time within individuals.
  • To determine the correlation between EaApEn and the Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain (GRBAS) scale.

Main Methods:

  • EaApEn was measured in 141 healthy volunteers and 186 patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Patient EaApEn was assessed pre-treatment and at 3-6 months and 1 year post-radiotherapy.
  • Voice quality was objectively categorized by a speech therapist using the GRBAS scale.

Main Results:

  • Normal volunteers exhibited a mean EaApEn of 0.302.
  • Patients with glottic cancer showed significantly lower pre-treatment EaApEn (0.227) compared to controls (p < 0.0005).
  • EaApEn improved post-radiotherapy, reaching 0.277 at 3-6 months and 0.282 at 1 year, indicating voice quality improvement. Significant correlation was observed between EaApEn and GRBAS scores.

Conclusions:

  • EaApEn is a reliable quantitative measure for assessing voice quality alterations due to glottic abnormalities.
  • EaApEn values demonstrate improvement correlating with clinical voice recovery after treatment.
  • EaApEn provides a valuable objective correlate to subjective GRBAS assessments in clinical practice.