Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
Diagnosis, treatment, and recovery maintenance in bipolar depression
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, and the Center for Bipolar Illness Interventions in Hispanic Communities, San Antonio, USA.
Abstract:
Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and inappropriate pharmacotherapeutic treatment is common. Clinicians should screen for manic/hypomanic symptoms during depressive episodes to differentiate bipolar depression from other depressive disorders. Depression is the dominant pole of bipolar disorder, and effective maintenance therapy must prevent depressive episode recurrence. Few pharmacologic treatments have evidence supporting both short- and long-term efficacy for bipolar depression. Clinicians must consider the existing evidence on the long-term efficacy of various pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating bipolar mood episodes.
Related Concept Videos
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
Bipolar Disorder
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Depression: Overview
Drug Therapy
Antianxiety Medications