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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

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Automated Hospital Room Disinfection Utilizing a Novel Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide Microdroplet Disbursing Technology
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Modeling the UV/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process using computational fluid dynamics.

Scott M Alpert1, Detlef R U Knappe, Joel J Ducoste

  • 1Hazen and Sawyer, P.C., 4944 Parkway Plaza Blvd., Suite 375, Charlotte, NC 28217, USA. salpert@hazenandsawyer.com

Water Research
|February 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study evaluated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). CFD models predicted lower methylene blue removal than pilot trials, especially at higher flow rates.

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) using UV/H2O2 are effective for contaminant degradation.
  • Accurate modeling requires integrating reactor design and chemical kinetics.
  • Numerical models are crucial for optimizing UV/H2O2 system performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for UV/H2O2 AOPs.
  • To assess the predictive performance of CFD models against pilot-scale reactor data.
  • To identify key factors influencing contaminant removal in UV/AOP reactors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied CFD models incorporating hydrodynamics, lamp orientation, and chemical kinetics.
  • Utilized different turbulence and fluence rate sub-models (MSSS, RAD-LSI).
  • Compared model predictions with pilot reactor trials for methylene blue degradation.

Main Results:

  • CFD models generally under-predicted methylene blue removal compared to pilot trials.
  • Prediction accuracy decreased with increasing flow rates.
  • The MSSS fluence rate sub-model showed higher predicted removal than RAD-LSI.
  • Methylene blue degradation strongly depended on the hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels.

Conclusions:

  • CFD models offer a flexible tool for UV/AOP reactor design and optimization.
  • Model accuracy is influenced by flow rate, sub-model selection, and water matrix characteristics (e.g., DOC).
  • Further refinement of kinetic parameters and sub-models is needed for precise prediction of contaminant removal.