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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Managed Care System:
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Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
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Subsidized Contraception, Fertility, and Sexual Behavior.

Melissa S Kearney1, Phillip B Levine

  • 1Department of Economics, Wellesley College, and NBER.

The Review of Economics and Statistics
|February 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

State Medicaid policy changes expanded family planning access, reducing teen and non-teen births. This increased contraception use, averting births at an estimated cost of $6,800 per birth for newly eligible women.

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Public Health Policy
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Recent state-level Medicaid policy changes have broadened eligibility for family planning services.
  • These expansions target higher-income women and individuals nearing benefit expiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of expanded Medicaid eligibility on family planning services.
  • To quantify the effects on birth rates, particularly among teens and newly eligible women.
  • To assess the cost-effectiveness of averted births resulting from these policy changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of state-level Medicaid policy changes affecting family planning services.
  • Statistical examination of birth rate reductions among different demographic groups (teens, non-teens, newly eligible women).

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  • Estimation of the cost per averted birth associated with expanded eligibility.

    • Main Results:

    • The income-based policy change led to a 2% reduction in overall non-teen births and over 4% reduction in teen births.
    • A significant estimated decline of 9% in births was observed among newly eligible women.
    • The observed fertility reduction is linked to increased contraceptive utilization.

    Conclusions:

    • Expanded Medicaid eligibility for family planning services effectively reduces birth rates, especially among vulnerable populations.
    • The policy demonstrates a cost-effective approach to reproductive health, with an estimated $6,800 cost per averted birth.
    • Increased access to contraception is a key mechanism driving the observed declines in fertility.