Post cholecystectomy syndrome: an out of date topic?

The post-cholecystectomy syndrome, whose finding is always possible, apart of cases of biliary tract iatrogenic injuries (stenosis or leakages), is related to a residual cystic stump lithiasis or more often related to a synchronous main bile duct disease (lithiasis and/or oddities) that could be prevented by pre- or intra-operative cholangiography. The clinical suspect of those conditions should be confirmed by cholangio-MRI. The treatment of main bile duct lithiasic disease is essentially endoscopical. The treatment of the remnant stump lithiasis-flogosis could be performed by laparoscopic or more often by laparotomic surgery because of post-operative flogistic adhesions, especially if an open cholecystectomy has been already performed.