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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

Published on: March 9, 2016

Enterococcus species distribution among human and animal hosts using multiplex PCR.

B A Layton¹, S P Walters¹, L H Lam¹

¹Environmental and Water Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Journal of Applied Microbiology

|February 6, 2010

Summary

No single Enterococcus species reliably tracks fecal sources in water. However, combining Enterococcus species data may help identify pollution origins in recreational waters.

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Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Microbial Source Tracking (MST)

Background:

Recreational waters face contamination risks from various fecal sources.
Accurate identification of fecal pollution sources is crucial for public health and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of differentiating Enterococcus species for microbial source tracking in recreational waters.
To determine if specific Enterococcus species can serve as reliable indicators of fecal contamination origins.

Main Methods:

Screening of avian, mammalian, and human fecal samples for multiple Enterococcus species using multiplex PCR.
Analysis of Enterococcus species occurrence patterns across different host sources.

Main Results:

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A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

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Colonization with Murine pks+ Escherichia coli under Non-Inflammatory Conditions

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No single Enterococcus species consistently indicated a specific host fecal source.

Host-specific patterns emerged only when analyzing composite data of multiple Enterococcus species.

Conclusions:

Individual Enterococcus species are not definitive markers for fecal source identification.
Composite "fingerprints" of Enterococcus species assemblages show potential as auxiliary tools for bacterial source identification in water bodies.