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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
08:35

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells

Published on: June 12, 2017

Autophagy in skeletal muscle.

Marco Sandri1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. marco.sandri@unipd.it

FEBS Letters
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, plays a key role in regulating muscle mass by breaking down proteins. Understanding its dual role is crucial for managing muscle-related metabolic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Metabolism
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Muscle mass is vital for metabolism, comprising 40-50% of the human body.
  • During catabolic states, muscle proteins are mobilized for energy and gluconeogenesis.
  • Excessive muscle protein degradation has severe negative consequences for the body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and regulation of the autophagic pathway in skeletal muscle.
  • To discuss the dual (beneficial or detrimental) role of autophagy in maintaining muscle mass.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on autophagy in skeletal muscle.
  • It synthesizes information on the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems.
  • Focuses on the regulation and function of autophagy in muscle atrophy.

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Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
08:44

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2017

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
08:35

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells

Published on: June 12, 2017

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
08:44

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2017

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Main Results:

  • The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems are major proteolytic pathways.
  • These systems are activated coordinately in atrophying muscles.
  • The specific role and regulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key player in muscle protein degradation.
  • Its precise role in maintaining muscle mass requires further investigation.
  • Understanding autophagy is critical for addressing metabolic and catabolic conditions affecting muscle.