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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Imaging Protein-protein Interactions in vivo
11:15

Imaging Protein-protein Interactions in vivo

Published on: October 10, 2010

Interaction fidelity in two-component signaling.

Hendrik Szurmant1, James A Hoch

  • 1Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Szurmant@scripps.edu

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems to sense their environment. Researchers identified specific protein interaction residues, enabling new methods to map bacterial signaling networks.

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Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells

Published on: December 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) and phosphorelays to perceive and respond to diverse environmental cues.
  • These systems share conserved domain structures for signal recognition and phosphotransfer between sensor histidine kinases and response regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of interaction specificity in bacterial TCS.
  • To develop computational methods for predicting protein-protein interaction sites within signaling networks.

Main Methods:

  • Co-crystal structure determination of sensor histidine kinase and response regulator domains.
  • Analysis of variable residues at the protein-protein interaction interface.
  • Development and validation of statistical methods for identifying interaction residues from protein databases.

Main Results:

  • Co-crystal structures revealed specific variable residues mediating interaction specificity between TCS components.
  • Identified key residues at the interaction surface critical for signal transfer.
  • Validated statistical methods for predicting interaction sites in protein complexes.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights into TCS interaction surfaces are crucial for understanding signal specificity.
  • Developed computational tools hold promise for predicting and analyzing complex bacterial signaling networks.
  • This approach facilitates the study of multi-protein complexes and their functional roles in bacteria.