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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

A coherent beam splitter for electronic spin states.

J R Petta1, H Lu, A C Gossard

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. petta@princeton.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrated rapid, all-electrical control of electron spin states in a double quantum dot. This method uses a singlet-triplet anticrossing to achieve coherent quantum oscillations for quantum computing applications.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Coherent control of electron spin states is crucial for developing spin-based quantum processors.
  • Existing methods often face challenges in speed and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel, all-electrical method for rapid coherent control of electron spin states.
  • To utilize the singlet-triplet anticrossing in a double quantum dot as a key element for quantum control.

Main Methods:

  • Prepared an initial spin-singlet state in a double quantum dot.
  • Swept the spin-singlet state through a singlet-triplet anticrossing in the energy spectrum.
  • Leveraged electron-nuclear spin coupling for all-electrical control and single-electron spin rotations.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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  • Performed control within the spin-dephasing time to maintain coherence.

    • Main Results:

    • The singlet-triplet anticrossing acted as a beam splitter for the spin-singlet state.
    • Consecutive crossings through the anticrossing induced coherent quantum oscillations between singlet and triplet states.
    • Achieved single-electron spin rotations on nanosecond time scales.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated all-electrical method provides rapid and coherent control of electron spins.
    • This technique is a significant step towards the implementation of scalable spin-based quantum processors.
    • Electron-nuclear spin coupling offers a viable pathway for high-fidelity quantum operations.