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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in disease pathogenesis.

Yumiko Imai1, Keiji Kuba, Takayo Ohto-Nakanishi

  • 1Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, the Global COE program, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. imai@med.akita-u.ac.jp

Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory health. This enzyme

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
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Published on: September 28, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE, regulating the renin-angiotensin system.
  • ACE2 counterbalances ACE activity and has demonstrated roles in cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems.
  • ACE2 acts as a receptor for SARS-coronavirus, playing a protective role in SARS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the recently identified roles of ACE2 in disease pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the physiological and pathological significance of ACE2 in various organ systems.
  • To explore the emerging understanding of ACE2's function beyond the renin-angiotensin system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ACE2.
  • Analysis of ACE2's involvement in cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory diseases.
  • Examination of ACE2's role in viral infections and genetic disorders.

Main Results:

  • ACE2 demonstrates protective effects in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and SARS pathogenesis.
  • ACE2 functions as an amino acid transporter, explaining its role in Hartnup disorder.
  • Evidence supports ACE2's involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • ACE2 has diverse physiological and pathological roles across multiple organ systems.
  • Understanding ACE2's functions is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
  • ACE2's multifaceted roles, including its function as an amino acid transporter, warrant further investigation.