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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Isolation of Quartz Grains for Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating of Quaternary Sediments for Paleoenvironmental Research
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Infrared absorption by small amorphous quartz spheres.

T R Steyer, K L Day, D R Huffman

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Infrared spectroscopy revealed optical constants for fused quartz, identifying surface modes in amorphous silica (SiO2) particles. Experimental results showed good agreement with theory but indicated broader, lower absorption bands than predicted.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid State Physics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Fused quartz and amorphous silica (SiO2) are widely used materials with unique optical properties.
    • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a key technique for characterizing material vibrations and optical constants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the optical constants of fused quartz in the infrared region (1400 cm(-1) to 400 cm(-1)).
    • To investigate the infrared absorption bands of amorphous SiO2, including surface modes.
    • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions.

    Main Methods:

    • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to measure optical constants.
    • Amorphous quartz powder dispersed in KBr was used for initial measurements.
    • Amorphous SiO2 smoke particles in air were analyzed to observe spectral differences.

    Main Results:

    • Three distinct IR absorption bands were observed for amorphous quartz powder and SiO2 smoke particles.
    • Two of the observed bands were identified as originating from surface modes.
    • Experimental peak positions and relative heights aligned well with theoretical calculations.
    • Observed absorption bands were broader and lower in intensity than theoretical predictions.
    • Particle size and shape were ruled out as causes for the band broadening.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully determined optical constants for fused quartz in the specified IR range.
    • Surface modes significantly influence the infrared absorption spectra of amorphous SiO2.
    • Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical band shapes warrant further investigation into broadening mechanisms.