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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Shear Diagram01:27

Shear Diagram

In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Holographic radial shear interferometer.

J C Fouéré, D Malacara

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel radial shear interferometer utilizing Gabor zone plates offers a stable and easily constructed solution for optical testing applications. This new design provides a valuable tool for precise optical measurements and evaluations.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Optical Engineering
    • Interferometry
    • Diffractive Optics

    Background:

    • Radial shear interferometers are crucial for optical testing, measuring wavefront aberrations.
    • Traditional designs can be complex or lack stability.
    • Gabor zone plates offer unique imaging properties with potential for interferometric applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new radial shear interferometer design.
    • To leverage the imaging capabilities of Gabor zone plates for interferometry.
    • To demonstrate a stable and easily constructible interferometer for optical testing.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a radial shear interferometer.
    • Utilizing the imaging properties of Gabor zone plates as a key component.

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
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    Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

    Published on: February 8, 2014

    Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging
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  • Experimental setup and testing of the interferometer's performance.
  • Main Results:

    • The described interferometer is stable.
    • The interferometer is easily constructed.
    • The instrument proves useful in optical testing.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel radial shear interferometer based on Gabor zone plates has been successfully developed.
    • The design offers advantages in terms of stability and ease of construction.
    • This interferometer is a practical and valuable instrument for various optical testing scenarios.