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Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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Low-Loss FEP-Clad Silica Fibers.

P Kaiser, A C Hart, L L Blyler

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    New low-loss optical fibers with a pure fused silica core and FEP cladding offer efficient transmission for light-emitting diodes. Their large numerical aperture (NA) enables high performance, though losses increase with NA.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Optical fibers are crucial for light transmission.
    • Low-loss materials are needed for efficient signal propagation.
    • Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emit incoherent light requiring specialized fiber optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the fabrication and performance of novel, easy-to-fabricate, low-loss optical fibers.
    • To evaluate the suitability of these fibers for transmitting incoherent light from LEDs.
    • To characterize optical losses and pulse dispersion in the new fiber design.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of optical fibers with a pure fused silica core and extruded FEP cladding.
    • Measurement of optical losses at various excitation angles and numerical apertures (NA).

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  • Assessment of pulse dispersion using time-domain measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Fibers demonstrated low losses, approaching core material values (7.6 dB/km) for small-angle excitation.
    • Losses increased to 14 dB/km for a steady-state NA of 0.3.
    • Measured pulse dispersion of up to 30 nsec aligned with theoretical predictions for a step-index fiber (24 nsec).

    Conclusions:

    • The described optical fibers are easily fabricated and exhibit low loss.
    • Their large numerical aperture makes them ideal for efficient transmission of incoherent light from LEDs.
    • The performance characteristics, including loss and dispersion, are suitable for practical applications.