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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

UV–Vis Spectrometers

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions

CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions

Published on: February 10, 2022

Infrared circular dichroism and linear dichroism spectrophotometer.

I Chabay, G Holzwarth

|February 6, 2010

Summary

A new instrument precisely measures circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism in the infrared spectrum. This advanced technology enables detailed studies of molecular vibrations and electronic transitions.

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Physical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD) are powerful spectroscopic techniques for probing molecular structure and electronic transitions.
Existing instrumentation may have limitations in spectral range, precision, or the ability to perform both CD and LD measurements simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel instrument capable of measuring infrared (IR) circular dichroism (CD) and high-precision linear dichroism (LD).
To detail the instrument's performance and its application in studying various materials.

Main Methods:

Utilized a germanium photoelastic modulator for polarization modulation of monochromatic IR light (5000 cm⁻¹ to 750 cm⁻¹).
Employed a cooled InSb or HgCdTe detector for signal acquisition.

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CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions

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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Implemented phase-sensitive demodulation for CD measurement with high precision (4 x 10⁻⁶ o.d. units).

Main Results:

Successfully measured IR CD arising from molecular vibrations in cholesteric liquid crystals, crystals, and fluids.
Demonstrated the capability to study CD from electronic transitions in metal complexes.
Showcased the instrument's utility for analyzing linear dichroism in polymer films.

Conclusions:

The developed instrument offers a versatile platform for advanced spectroscopic analysis in the infrared region.
It provides high precision for CD and LD measurements, expanding the scope of vibrational and electronic spectroscopy.
The instrument facilitates the investigation of molecular properties in diverse condensed phases and materials.