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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector
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Response calculations for light-scattering aerosol particle counters.

D D Cooke, M Kerker

    Applied Optics
    |February 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Response calculations for aerosol particle counters show strong dependence on refractive index. Three instruments exhibit multi-valued responses for submicrometer particles, impacting accurate aerosol measurements.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Physics
    • Instrumental Analysis

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of aerosol particles is crucial for atmospheric studies.
    • Commercial light-scattering aerosol particle counters are widely used but require careful calibration.
    • Previous response calculations for these instruments were incomplete.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform detailed response calculations for five commercial light-scattering aerosol particle counters.
    • To incorporate critical factors like light source emissive power, phototube spectral sensitivity, and instrument geometry.
    • To analyze the impact of these factors on instrument response and particle characterization.

    Main Methods:

    • Computational modeling of light scattering by aerosol particles.

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  • Inclusion of optical properties of the light source and detector.
  • Integration of specific geometrical parameters for each of the five instruments.
  • Analysis of response variations based on the refractive index of aerosol particles.

    • Main Results:

    • Calculated instrument responses demonstrate a significant dependence on both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index.
    • Three of the five analyzed instruments showed a multi-valued response for submicrometer particles.
    • The study highlights the importance of considering all relevant optical and geometrical factors for accurate measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate characterization of aerosol particles using light-scattering counters necessitates comprehensive response calculations.
    • The refractive index of aerosols is a critical parameter influencing instrument response.
    • Multi-valued responses in certain instruments, particularly for submicrometer particles, require careful consideration during data interpretation.