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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

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Published on: August 9, 2022

Modeling the solid-liquid phase transition in saturated triglycerides.

David A Pink1, Charles B Hanna, Christophe Sandt

  • 1Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada. scorpiocarla@gmail.com

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study investigated trilaurin (TL) melting transitions, comparing two models. The h-Y model, suggesting a Y-shaped liquid state, aligns with experimental data and Raman spectroscopy, supporting Corkery et al.’s proposal.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • Triglyceride (TL) melting transitions are crucial for understanding their physical properties.
  • Two competing models exist for trilaurin's liquid phase conformation: Corkery et al.'s discotic Y-conformer and Cebula et al.'s nematic h*-conformer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate and compare two proposed models for the melting transition of trilaurin (TL).
  • To determine which model best explains the experimental data for TL's solid-liquid phase transition.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two theoretical models: h-Y and h-h*.
  • Mapping the h-Y model onto an Ising model with mean-field approximation.
  • Calculation of transition enthalpy (DeltaH) and prediction of Raman band temperature dependence.
  • Experimental measurement of TL Raman band ratios across a temperature range.

Main Results:

  • The h-Y model yielded a transition enthalpy (DeltaH) in reasonable agreement with experimental values for TL and other saturated triglycerides.
  • The h-h* model predicted a DeltaH significantly lower than experimental values (factor of 3-4).
  • Experimental Raman spectroscopy data supported the h-Y model's predictions, favoring the Y-conformer in the liquid state.

Conclusions:

  • The h-Y model, representing TL molecules in a Y conformation in the liquid phase, provides a more accurate description of the solid-liquid phase transition.
  • Experimental evidence supports Corkery et al.'s proposal regarding the Y-conformer in liquid TL.
  • While individual TL molecules may adopt a Y-conformation, long-range discotic order is unlikely in the liquid phase.