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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Minimally invasive esophagectomy: an overview.

B Mark Smithers1

  • 1Upper Gastrointestinal and Soft Tissue Unit, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. m.smithers@uq.edu.au

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) offers comparable outcomes to open surgery with potential benefits like reduced blood loss and hospital stay. Further multicentered studies are needed to fully assess its role and compare it with traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a feasible and safe alternative to open esophagectomy.
  • Existing evidence consists of comparative studies and single-institution series, lacking controlled trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current role and outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE).
  • To compare MIE with open esophagectomy in terms of safety, complications, and oncological results.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing comparative studies and single-institution series on MIE.
  • Analysis of reported outcomes including blood loss, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital duration, complications, lymph node retrieval, and cancer outcomes.

Main Results:

  • MIE shows similar oncological outcomes to open surgery, despite potentially less lymph node retrieval.
  • Reported benefits of MIE include reduced blood loss, ICU, and hospital stay.
  • No clear reduction in respiratory complications with MIE in comparative studies, though larger series suggest a potential benefit.

Conclusions:

  • MIE is a valuable tool for esophageal surgeons, but requires continued careful assessment.
  • Multicentered prospective studies are recommended to audit MIE outcomes.
  • Randomized trials comparing MIE and open resection would require large patient numbers.