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Updated: Jun 16, 2026
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Immunostimulatory Agent Evaluation: Lymphoid Tissue Extraction and Injection Route-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation
Published on: September 16, 2018
Local lymph node data for the evaluation of skin sensitization alternatives: a second compilation.
Petra S Kern1, G Frank Gerberick, Cindy A Ryan
1The Procter & Gamble Company, Brussels Innovation Center, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|February 9, 2010
Summary
A new, expanded database of over 300 chemicals from local lymph node assays (LLNAs) now supports the development of alternative skin sensitization testing methods. This resource aids in hazard identification and potency assessment.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Chemical Safety Assessment
Background:
- Reliable databases are essential for validating alternative skin sensitization tests.
- A previous database of 211 chemicals from local lymph node assays (LLNAs) was established.
- This LLNA database covered a wide range of chemicals and potencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To extend the existing LLNA database with new chemical data.
- To correct minor inaccuracies in the initial dataset.
- To create a more comprehensive resource for alternative testing development.
Main Methods:
- Compiled data from an additional 108 LLNA studies.
- Corrected inaccuracies in the previously published dataset.
- Evaluated the entire dataset for pre- and prohaptens.
Main Results:
- The database now includes over 300 chemicals, expanding chemical diversity.
- The revised dataset offers improved accuracy.
- Identification of pre- and prohaptens facilitates selection of chemicals for new assays.
Conclusions:
- The revised and expanded LLNA database serves as a primary resource.
- It supports the development and evaluation of novel hazard identification and potency assessment methods.
- This resource is crucial for advancing non-animal testing strategies in toxicology.
