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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Reliability of the glenoid plane.

Lieven F De Wilde¹, T Verstraeten, W Speeckaert

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. lieven.dewilde@Ugent.be

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

|February 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The inferior glenoid plane offers a reliable 3D reference point for shoulder surgery due to its consistent retroversion. This finding aids in reproducible glenoid component placement in prosthetic procedures.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Anatomy
Biomechanical analysis

Background:

Accurate 3-dimensional (3-D) glenoid orientation is crucial for successful shoulder prosthetic surgery.
Existing methods for defining the glenoid plane exhibit variability.
A reliable anatomical landmark is needed for consistent surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the 3-D orientation of the glenoid and scapular planes.
To identify the most reliable glenoid plane definition with the least variation.
To evaluate the potential of osseous anthropometry for reproducible surgical reference.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 150 computed tomography (CT) scans of nonpathological shoulders.
Determination of the scapular plane and five distinct glenoid planes (inferior, anterior, posterior, superior, neutral).
Measurement of version and inclination angles for all defined planes in a standardized position.

Main Results:

The inferior glenoid plane demonstrated significantly lower standard deviation in version compared to anterior, posterior, and superior planes (P < .001).
Inclination variance was similar across all measured glenoid planes.
Scapular plane orientation differed between genders (P=.022) and correlated with age.

Conclusions:

The retroversion of the inferior glenoid plane is consistently stable.
The osseous anthropometry of the inferior glenoid provides a reproducible reference point.
This finding supports its utility in prosthetic shoulder surgery for improved accuracy.