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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

Current knowledge of the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS).

Kuninori Suzuki1, Yoshinori Ohsumi

  • 1Advanced Research Organization, Integrated Research Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

FEBS Letters
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy degrades cellular components during starvation. This review explores the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in yeast and its connection to mammalian autophagy.

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Published on: December 19, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading damaged organelles and proteins.
  • It is crucial for cellular homeostasis, especially under nutrient stress.
  • Lysosomes and vacuoles are key lytic compartments involved in this degradation pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To discuss the formation and function of the PAS in autophagosome biogenesis.
  • To explore the relevance of the PAS to autophagy mechanisms in mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on autophagy research.
  • Analysis of studies on the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in yeast.
  • Comparative analysis of yeast and mammalian autophagy pathways.

Main Results:

  • The PAS is a critical platform for initiating autophagosome formation in yeast.
  • Key proteins involved in autophagy are recruited to the PAS.
  • Understanding the PAS in yeast provides insights into conserved autophagy mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) is essential for initiating autophagy in yeast.
  • Conserved molecular mechanisms link the PAS to autophagosome formation in eukaryotes.
  • Further research into the PAS could reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases involving autophagy.