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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
09:24

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

Nasal and lung function in competitive swimmers.

C Ondolo1, S Aversa, Fm Passali

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.

Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Otorinolaringologia E Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Competitive swimmers experience few nasal issues from swimming, with most showing improved nasal patency. Bronchial function (FEV1) remained unaffected, indicating swimming is generally safe for respiratory health.

Keywords:
ChlorineNasal physiologyNoseSwimming pool

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Nasal and sinusal complaints are frequently reported by swimmers.
  • Understanding the impact of swimming on respiratory function is crucial for athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess nasal and bronchial functions in competitive swimmers before and after swimming.
  • To investigate the relationship between nasal resistances and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

Main Methods:

  • 30 competitive swimmers underwent spirometry and nasal respiratory tests.
  • A questionnaire was administered to swimmers and 150 pool visitors regarding nasal-sinusal symptoms.
  • Data analysis compared pre- and post-swimming respiratory function parameters.

Main Results:

  • 18% of the total surveyed population reported post-swimming nasal-sinusal symptoms.
  • No statistically significant differences were found in nasal volumes or resistances.
  • Nasal patency improved or remained stable in 70% (21/30) of swimmers.
  • Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed no significant variations.

Conclusions:

  • Swimming generally enhances or maintains nasal patency.
  • Temporary nasal patency worsening was noted only in a small subset of hyper-reactive individuals.
  • Swimming does not adversely affect bronchial function (FEV1) in competitive swimmers.