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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: pathophysiology and prevention.

Carolina O Nastri1, Rui A Ferriani, Isa A Rocha

  • 1Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (DGO-HC-FMRP-USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 8 masculine andar, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 14049-900.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|February 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) affects women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Replacing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with GnRH agonists and using in vitro maturation (IVM) are the safest prevention strategies.

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12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Infertility Management
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potential complication of assisted reproductive technology (ART).
  • OHSS can occur in up to 20% of high-risk women undergoing ART cycles.
  • Understanding OHSS pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the pathophysiology of OHSS.
  • To evaluate various prevention strategies for OHSS.
  • To highlight recent advancements in OHSS management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of English-language literature via PubMed.
  • Emphasis on recent data and evidence.
  • Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms and prevention techniques.

Main Results:

  • Key factors in OHSS pathophysiology include estradiol, LH, hCG, inflammatory mediators, renin-angiotensin system, and VEGF.
  • Numerous prevention strategies were considered, including coasting, albumin, renin-angiotensin system blockage, dopamine agonists, NSAIDs, GnRH antagonist protocols, hCG dose reduction, hCG replacement, and IVM.
  • Evidence suggests specific interventions are more effective than others.

Conclusions:

  • The safest prevention strategies for OHSS currently include replacing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with GnRH agonists in antagonist cycles.
  • In vitro maturation (IVM) procedures are also identified as a safe and effective approach for OHSS prevention.
  • These strategies offer improved safety profiles for women undergoing ART.