Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Storage

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

Understanding Memory

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...

Forgetting

Forgetting

Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

Long-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...

Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Letrozole and Infertility Among Males With Spermatogenic Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2026

Same author

NO<sub>X</sub> Concentration Prediction at Secondary Combustion Chamber Outlet in Small-Scale Domestic Waste Incineration System.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Equivalent of Carbon Dioxide at the Anaerobic Threshold Predicts Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease·2026

Same author

VE-VCO2 Slope During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Predicts Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease·2026

Same author

Physics-Informed Side-Scan Sonar Perception: Tackling Weak Targets and Sparse Debris via Geometric and Frequency Decoupling.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Schisandrin B enhances autophagy and random flaps survival through the PPARG-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Published on: March 9, 2019

Efficient continuous-time asymmetric Hopfield networks for memory retrieval.

Pengsheng Zheng¹, Wansheng Tang, Jianxiong Zhang

¹Institute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China. zhengpengsheng@yahoo.cn

Neural Computation

|February 10, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a new energy function method for analyzing asymmetric Hopfield neural networks. The research demonstrates these networks function effectively as associative memories with minimal spurious states.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Published on: March 9, 2019

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence
Computational Neuroscience
Neural Networks

Background:

Continuous-time asymmetric Hopfield neural networks are crucial for associative memory.
Analyzing their stability and retrieval properties is essential for practical applications.
Existing methods may face challenges with stability analysis and spurious memory states.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel energy function method for analyzing the retrieval properties of continuous-time asymmetric Hopfield neural networks.
To establish sufficient conditions for the local and global asymptotic stability of these networks.
To propose an efficient design procedure for asymmetric networks capable of assigning desired stable equilibrium points.

Main Methods:

A novel energy function approach was utilized for stability and retrieval property analysis.
Mathematical derivations were performed to establish sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability.
A systematic design procedure was developed for creating asymmetric networks with specific stable states.

Main Results:

Sufficient conditions for local and global asymptotic stability were derived.
An efficient design procedure allows for the assignment of specified stable equilibrium points.
Simulations confirmed the network's efficacy as an associative memory with a significant reduction in spurious memory issues.

Conclusions:

The proposed energy function method effectively analyzes continuous-time asymmetric Hopfield neural networks.
The developed design procedure enables the creation of robust associative memories.
Asymmetric Hopfield networks, designed with this method, offer a promising solution for associative memory tasks, largely overcoming the spurious memory problem.