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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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In order to...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Regional differences in recombination hotspots between two chicken populations.

Martin G Elferink1, Pieter van As, Tineke Veenendaal

  • 1Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Martin.Elferink@wur.nl

BMC Genetics
|February 10, 2010
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Summary

This study generated a high-resolution chicken genome linkage map, revealing significant differences in recombination hotspots between broiler populations, primarily due to female-specific recombination.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Previous chicken genome linkage maps lacked resolution for precise recombination hotspot identification.
  • Advances in SNP availability and genotyping enabled higher marker density for improved mapping.
  • Recombination patterns are crucial for understanding genome evolution and breeding strategies in chickens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a high-resolution linkage map of the chicken genome.
  • To investigate and compare recombination hotspots between two distinct broiler populations.
  • To identify sex-specific differences in recombination patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 1,619 animals from purebred broiler and broiler x broiler cross populations using 17,790 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Construction of a high-resolution linkage map utilizing advanced high-throughput genotyping techniques.
  • Analysis of recombination patterns across the chicken genome, including sex-specific comparisons.

Main Results:

  • A linkage map comprising 13,340 SNPs across 31 linkage groups was generated, with a total length of 3,054 cM for the sex-average map.
  • The sex-average linkage map of the purebred broiler line was 686 cM shorter than that of the broiler x broiler cross.
  • Regional differences in recombination hotspots were observed, particularly near the telomere of the p arm.

Conclusions:

  • A substantially higher resolution chicken genome linkage map was successfully constructed.
  • Significant regional differences in recombination hotspots exist between the studied broiler populations.
  • Female-specific recombination hotspots in the broiler x broiler cross were identified as the primary driver of observed sex-specific differences.