Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
Published on: March 29, 2018
[Risk factors for dental fluorosis in children between 6 and 15 years old]
Ma de Lourdes Azpeitia-Valadez1, Miguel Angel Sánchez-Hernández, Manuel Rodríguez-Frausto
1Unidad de Medicina Familiar 53, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León, Guanajuato.
Objective:
To identify risk factors for dental fluorosis in children between 6 and 15 years.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey in 1284 students between 6 and 15 years from four living areas. Presence and degree of dental fluorosis were investigated by using the classification of Dean, tooth decay and variables like source of water consumption, juices, prepared gaseous drinks, tea, types of dental paste used, and periodic applications of fluoride. Descriptive statistics and chi(2) test were applied.
Results:
The prevalence of fluorosis was 52.6 %, (very slight 45.5 %, slight 40.0 %, moderate 11.8 %, and severe 2.6 %). Tooth decay appeared in 52.7 % of the total of cases studied. The variables with more significant differences were the presenting age (the greater fluorosis in children was from 8 to 14 years), tea, juice and prepared gaseous drink consumption, the periodic application of fluoride and the area of residence, varying from 45 to 61 % of fluorosis between the areas of residence. All of these had p < 0.05.
Conclusions:
Prepared gaseous drink and tea consumption, age in relation to the exhibition of periodic applications of fluoride and the area of residence are the main risk factors for dental fluorosis.
Related Concept Videos
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Minerals
Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Development of the Oral Microbiota
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention
