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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
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Unlike the concrete operational...

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Cerebral maturation in adolescence: behavioral vulnerability.

M Ernst1, Katherine E Korelitz

  • 1Emotional Development and Affective Neuroscience National Institute of Mental Health NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ernstm@mail.nih.gov

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Adolescent brain development involves heterogeneous changes across regions, influencing behaviors like risk-taking. A triadic neural systems model explains approach, avoidance, and control, aiding understanding of normal development and psychopathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Adolescence to adulthood transition is critical due to high morbidity and mortality.
  • Advancements in brain imaging enable direct examination of human brain function during this period.
  • Adolescent behaviors (risk-taking, novelty-seeking) stem from normative developmental heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on neurobiological models of adolescent development.
  • To examine the triadic neural systems model as a framework for understanding motivated behavior.
  • To summarize functional neuroimaging research on neural systems underlying adolescent behavior and psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current neurodevelopmental research literature.
  • Examination of the triadic neural systems model (approach, avoidance, control).
  • Summary of functional neuroimaging studies investigating neural systems.

Main Results:

  • Neural development is characterized by heterogeneous maturation across brain regions and systems.
  • Adolescent behaviors arise from this developmental heterogeneity.
  • The triadic neural systems model provides a framework for understanding motivated behavior and its alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Neurobiological models, like the triadic neural systems model, are crucial for understanding adolescent development.
  • Functional neuroimaging research is advancing our understanding of the neural underpinnings of adolescent behavior.
  • This research framework is vital for comprehending both typical development and psychopathology.