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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

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[Augmented psychotherapy with rTMS in functional neurological disorder].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

[Electrostimulation techniques in treatment for severe depression].

B Millet1

  • 1Université Rennes 1, Chu de Rennes, Hôpital Guillaume Régnier, 108 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes. bruno.millet@univ-rennes1.fr

L'Encephale
|February 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive therapy is a key treatment for severe Major Depressive Episode. Newer brain stimulation techniques like Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are being developed for better results.

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Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
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Treating Clinical Depression with Repetitive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Brainsway H1-coil
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Treating Clinical Depression with Repetitive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Brainsway H1-coil

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

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Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
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Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

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Treating Clinical Depression with Repetitive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Brainsway H1-coil
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Treating Clinical Depression with Repetitive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Brainsway H1-coil

Published on: October 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurosurgery

Context:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a primary treatment for severe Major Depressive Episode (MDE).
  • Hospitalization, general anesthesia, and post-ictal delirium associated with ECT necessitate alternative treatments.
  • Brain electrostimulation techniques offer promising alternatives for MDE management.

Purpose:

  • To explore alternative brain electrostimulation techniques for Major Depressive Episode (MDE).
  • To highlight the need for optimizing Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) parameters for consistent clinical outcomes.
  • To discuss the potential of neurosurgical procedures, including Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), in treating resistant depression.

Summary:

  • Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), approved in 2008 for MDE, converts electromagnetic fields into electrical currents in the brain.
  • Optimizing TMS parameters (number of sequences, intensity, frequency, brain target) is crucial for homogeneous clinical results.
  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) shows promising preliminary results for severe chronic and resistant depression, despite Vagus Nerve Stimulation's limited development in France.

Impact:

  • Advancing the clinical application of TMS for Major Depressive Episode (MDE).
  • Improving treatment efficacy and patient outcomes for severe and treatment-resistant depression.
  • Guiding future research and development in brain stimulation therapies for psychiatric disorders.