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Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

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Vitamin D intoxication presenting as acute renal failure.

M A Naik¹, K A Banday, M S Najar

¹Department of Nephrology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sceinces, Soura, Srinagar, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology

|February 10, 2010

Summary

Vitamin D intoxication can occur even in populations with high vitamin D deficiency. Excessive supplementation led to acute renal failure and hypercalcemia in a patient from Kashmir, despite widespread deficiency.

Keywords:

Vitamin D acute renal failure hypercalcemia

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Published on: February 10, 2026

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Endocrinology
Public Health

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally, particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure.
Sunlight exposure is crucial for endogenous vitamin D synthesis.
Vitamin D supplementation is common to address deficiency.

Observation:

A 70-year-old male presented with acute renal failure and mental obtundation.
Examination revealed hypercalcemia.
The patient reported recent injections of a slow-release vitamin D preparation.

Findings:

The patient's hypercalcemia and acute renal failure were directly linked to vitamin D intoxication from excessive supplementation.
This case highlights the risk of vitamin D toxicity even in a population with near-universal deficiency (100% in the Kashmir valley).
The deficiency is attributed to indoor confinement and lack of sunlight exposure.

Implications:

Clinicians should consider vitamin D toxicity in patients with unexplained hypercalcemia and renal failure, especially those undergoing supplementation.
Careful monitoring of vitamin D levels is essential during supplementation, even in deficient populations.
Public health strategies may need to balance addressing deficiency with preventing toxicity.