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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

The transdural approach for thoracic disc herniations: a technical note.

Sung-Jun Moon1, Jung-Kil Lee, Jae-Won Jang

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 671 Jebongno, Dong-Ku, Kwangju, 501-757, South Korea.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|February 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a posterior transdural approach for thoracic disc herniation surgery. This technique offers a less invasive option, improving outcomes for patients with paracentral soft discs.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Thoracic disc herniation surgery presents significant challenges, with posterior laminectomy carrying high risks.
  • Existing dorsolateral and ventral approaches often necessitate extensive surgical exposure, increasing patient morbidity.

Observation:

  • A novel posterior transdural approach was developed to enable direct visualization of thoracic disc herniations without entering the thoracic cavity.
  • The procedure involves a laminectomy, paramedian durotomy, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and gentle spinal cord retraction.

Findings:

  • The posterior transdural approach allowed clear visualization of ventral dural bulging between rootlets.
  • Successful removal of protruded disc fragments was achieved through a small paramedian dural incision.
  • All three reported cases showed improvement in neurological symptoms without surgery-related complications.

Implications:

  • The posterior transdural approach represents a viable alternative surgical option for select patients with thoracic paracentral soft disc herniations.
  • This technique potentially reduces the morbidity associated with extensive surgical exposure in thoracic disc surgery.