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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
07:18

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

Presenting exogenous antigen to T cells.

Clifford V Harding1, Lakshmi Ramachandra1

  • 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Current Protocols in Immunology
|February 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing the right antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is crucial for modeling immune responses. Different APCs, like dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, play distinct roles in immunity, influencing experimental design.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Antigen processing and presentation are key immunological processes.
  • A variety of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can be utilized in experimental settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide the selection of appropriate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for experimental modeling.
  • To highlight the functional differences between professional APC types and their impact on immune response aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established immunological principles regarding APC function.
  • Analysis of the distinct roles of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes in antigen presentation.
  • Consideration of technical factors such as cell adherence properties.

Main Results:

  • Professional APCs (dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes) have specialized functions in immune responses.
  • The choice of APC impacts the specific aspect of the immune response being modeled.
  • Cell adherence (adherent vs. nonadherent) is a critical technical consideration for experimental procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental design for antigen presentation studies requires careful selection of APCs based on the desired immune response model.
  • Understanding the differential contributions of APC subsets is essential for accurate immunological research.
  • Technical aspects, including cell adherence, must be factored into experimental planning.